MEANING OF FASTING: refraining from eating and drinking as well as all actions that can invalidate the fast from sunrise to sunset with intention. "O you who believe, it is obligatory upon you to fast as it was obligatory upon those before you so that you may have piety,"
(QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 183).
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS/ MANDATORY FASTING
1. Muslim and not apostate.
2. Puberty. It is not obligatory to fast for those who are not old enough. But Exercise for children is good
3. Being able to distinguish between good and bad (reasonable/mumayyiz)
4. Permission is granted for those who are traveling (if able to fast, it is better) and ill (sick, unwell, etc.)
5. It's time to enter the month of Ramadan
FASTING INTENT
Reciting the Complete Ramadan Fasting Intention (One Month)
THE MATTER OF AVOIDING THE FAST
1. Eat And Drink On Purpose
2. Deliberately Inserting Objects Into Open Cavities
3. Intentional Vomiting
4. Crazy
5. Apostate
6. Intentional Ejaculation
7. Having sex during the day
MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS
(The obligatory fast is a certain number of days; then whoever among you is sick, or on a journey, (may break his fast), then it is obligatory for him to fast as much as (the days that are broken) on the other days....and ( even so) fasting is better for you, if you know.
Based on the arguments above, Islam gives relief to people who travel, or are sick (suffering from illness, weak, helpless or too old), therefore menstruating women are encouraged to fast, unless they are infirm (weak, menstruating)
ATONEMENT:
People Who Have Intercourse During the Day of Ramadan, Then Both Husbands and Wives Need to Fast in Respect of It and the Husband is Obligated to Pay Kifarat (Fine) Such as:
· Freeing a Believer's Servant L/P (If Unable)
· Fasting for 2 consecutive months without interruption (if helpless)
· Feeding 60 Poor People
TYPES OF FASTING
ILLEGAL FASTING
1- 1 Syawal, Eid al-Fitr
2- 10 Zulhijjah, Eid al-Adha
3- Tasyriq days which are 11, 12, 13 Zulhijjah
VOLUNTARY FAST
· Fasting for six days in the month of Syawal
1- Monday and Thursday
2- Ashura day, 10 Muharram
3- Arafat day, 9 Zulhijjah
4- Fasting Nisfu Shaaban, 15 Shaaban
NAZAR FAST
1- Fasting that is done because it is intended to fast if a wish is granted.
PAYING RANSOM
Those who have to pay Fidyah consist of:
1. Old people who are too old and old. If he fasts, it is likely to harm him. Family members are advised not to force the elderly to fast.
2. People who are sick and invisible will soon recover or not recover and there is no hope of recovery. Examples of people who are sick like stage 4 cancer.
3. People with gastritis. Individuals like this need to see a doctor to make sure that the level of gastritis they are experiencing does not allow them to fast. Let the authorities confirm that he can fast or not.
4. Women who are pregnant and breastfeeding because they are worried about the safety of the child in the womb or the baby being breastfed. If the woman is worried about her safety, they only have to fast.
5. People who die but have not replaced the missed fast.
(The obligatory fast is a certain number of days; then whoever among you is sick, or on a journey, (may break his fast), then it is obligatory for him to fast as much as (the days that are broken) on the other days; and it is obligatory on those who are unable to fast (due to old age and so on) pay fidyah, i.e. feed the poor. So whoever voluntarily gives (fidyah payment) more than what is determined, then that is a good thing for him; and (even so) fasting that is better for you than giving fidyah), if you knew.
"Whoever dies while he still has Ramadan fasting, should feed a poor person for every day he missed." (Narrated by al-Tirmizi)
FIDYAH LAW
The payment of legal fidya is MANDATORY. It needs to be completed according to the number of fasting days that are left and not replaced (replaced) or are delayed until the next year's Ramadan. If not implemented, it will be a liability or debt to Allah SWT.
HOW TO CALCULATE FIDYAH
To calculate the fidyah payment you need to multiply the value by the number of days you are fasting. For example, the Zakat Board puts the value of a cup of rice at RM 1.80 for fidyah calculation.
So, if you fast for 3 days, then the payment rate of fidyah is:
RM 1.80 (1 cupak) X 3 days = RM 5.40
If you skip a year, for example you did not fast for 3 days in 2017 and want to replace the fast and pay fidyah in 2021, then the fidyah rate is as follows:
RM 1.80 (1 cup) X 4 years X 3 days = RM 21.60
If you miss a year because you forgot to replace the fast in the period before entering the next fasting month, then waji replaces the fast for the number of days left and fidyah.
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