CHAPTER 3 : ZAKAT

Zakat belongs to two types 1) ZAKAT BADANIAH: which is zakat of the body or zakat of Fitrah 2) ZAKAT MALIAH: which is zakat on property such as money, gold and silver, business, livestock and so on.   ZAKAT FITRAH (MANDATORY) MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS TO PAY ZAKAT FITRAH The type of Zakat is the body zakat that is obligatory in conjunction with the end of the month of Ramadan according to certain conditions, namely: 1.       ISLAM 2.       INDEPENDENCE 3.       HAVE MORE PROPERTY (PERFECTLY OWNED)   PAYMENT RATE OF ZAKAT FITRAH The payment rate according to the original method is one bushel (weighing 2.27kg) of basic food of a place such as rice and wheat. Or the equivalent of the current currency value at the weight of the scale.   PROPERTY ALMS 1.       ZakatProperty like 2.       MoneySavings 3.       Gold and silver 4.       Farm animals 5.       ZakatBusiness REQUIREMENTS OF MANDATORY PAYMENT OF PROPERTY ZAKAT 1.       Islam 2.       Perfect Owned 3.       Independent 4.       Sufficient nisab (certain rates for types of zakat) 5.       Enough haul (have it for no less than a year)   COUNT 2.5% of savings and property assessment and business profits (shares and so on) 2.5% of the weight value of gold and silver weighing 85 grams and above   Calculation of livestock zakat: COWS AND BUFFALO 30-39 tails   11-year-old male or female calf 40-59 tails   12 year old female calf tail 60-69 tails   21-year-old calf (1 male-1 female) 70-79 tails   3tail of a 1-year-old bull calf 80-89 tails   22 year old heifer tail 90-99 tails   3tail of a 1-year-old bull calf 100-109 tails         3calf's tail (1 female 2 years old - 2 males 1 year old) 110-119 tails         3calf's tail (1 1-year-old female - 2 2-year-old males) GOATS AND SHEEP 40-120 tails 11 year old tail 121-200 tails         21 year old tail 201-300 head      3one year old tail   Agricultural zakat calculation: Grains and fruits that are cultivated using human, animal or machinery and expenses then the zakat rate is 1/20 (5%) Grains and fruits whose yield depends on rainfall or planted in watery valleys, around rivers, then the zakat rate is 1/10 (10%)   8 GROUPS OF ASNAF 1. Poor A person who does not have any property or job or receives income from other sources that does not reach 50 percent of his daily needs and the needs of his dependents and does not reach 50 percent of the living expenses of a person who lives modestly and his dependents. 2. Poor A person who has a job or effort that only partially meets his basic needs but is not enough to cover his daily needs and also cover his dependents. 3. Amyl Those who are directly involved with zakat institutions whether individuals or organizations to manage and administer zakat affairs including collection, distribution, financial affairs and so on. 4. Converts Those whose hearts are tamed or those whose hearts are expected to be inclined to accept Islam or those who embrace Islam (but have not yet firmly established Islam) are divided into two, namely Those who have just converted to Islam + Muslim leaders who are still in a weak position and communicate with non-Islamic leaders who are equivalent to attract and persuade them to Islam. 5. Al-Riqab/ FREEDOM OF SERVANTS Freeing Muslims from the grip of slavery and conquest whether in terms of physical or mental grip such as the grip of ignorance and shackled under the control of certain people. 6. Al-Gharimin/ FREE OF DEBTORS Those who are in debt to meet the basic needs for the welfare of themselves, their dependent families or the community who need an immediate solution and are allowed by Shariah law. 7. Make it possible Any person or party who engages in an activity or vertical activity, defends and propagates the religion of Islam and its welfare. 8. Ibn Sabil Any person traveling for purposes approved by Shariah from any state or country in need of assistance   DALIL Take (part of) their property as alms (zakat) (At-Taubah 9: 103) And (remember) those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend it in the way of God, then inform them of (the reward of) an indescribable torment. (At-Taubah 9:34)